A associação da celulose bacteriana com outros polímeros pode ser um método efetivo para aumentar suas características e estrutura, proporcionando novas aplicações industriais. O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar a influência da celulose bacteriana nas propriedades físicas, químicas e de barreira em filmes a partir de blendas de celulose bacteriana e fécula de batata. Os filmes foram produzidos segundo planejamento de mistura ternária, tendo como variáveis independentes a celulose bacteriana, fécula de batata e glicerol. Blendas com maiores concentrações de celulose bacteriana apresentaram aumento na espessura, gramatura, taxa de permeabilidade ao vapor de água e permeabilidade ao vapor de água e, redução da densidade, solubilidade, opacidade, índice de intumescimento em pH 1,8 e 8,0 (1, 10, 30 e 60 minuto). A microscopia eletrônica de varredura mostrou filmes com matriz coesa, porém irregular com presença de partículas insolúveis de celulose bacteriana. O filme de celulose bacteriana pura apresentou aumento na gramatura, opacidade, taxa de permeabilidade ao vapor de água e no intumescimento em pH 1,8 1 minuto e pH 8,0 1, 10, 30 e 60 minutos. A celulose bacteriana promoveu elevada capacidade de retenção, absorção e baixa dessorção a água, proporcionando biofilmes com características de barreira à luz e manutenção da umidade.

The association of bacterial cellulose with other polymers can be an effective method for increasing its characteristics and structure, providing new industrial applications. The purpose of this paper was to verify the influence from bacterial cellulose in the physical, chemical and barrier properties in films of bacterial cellulose blends and potato starch. The films were made according to a ternary mix planning, with bacterial cellulose, potato starch and glycerol as independent variables. Blends with higher concentrations of bacterial cellulose exhibited increase in thickness, weight, permeability rate of water steam and permeability to water steam and reduction of density, solubility, opacity, swelling index at pH 1.8 and 8.0 (1, 10, 30 and 60 minutes). The scanning electron microscopy showed films with cohesive matrix, but with irregular morphology, containing insoluble particles of bacterial cellulose. The pure bacterial cellulose film showed increased weight, opacity, permeability rate of water steam and at swelling at pH 1.8 at 1 minute and pH 8.0 at 1, 10, 30 and 60 minutes. The bacterial cellulose contributed to high capacity of retention, absorption and low water desorption, providing biofilms that acted as barrier for light and kept the humidity constant.

In recent years, the interest in polymer recycling has increased. However, in every reprocessing step the material undergoes shear stress and is affected by temperature and oxygen. The aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of multiple extrusion in the generation of functional groups, namely hydroperoxide, carbonyl, and transvinylene. Low density polyethylene was reprocessed three times in a single screw extruder. In each recycling step hot pressed films were prepared. These films were submitted to a heat treatment in an oven with air circulation and renovation to proceed with aging tests at different times and temperatures. The results obtained showed that all functional groups had their concentration increased with the increase in number of reprocessing, the aging time and temperature of the heat treatment. The factorial design was applied to verify the influence of these parameters. All the parameters had significant effects, since their regression coefficients had the same order of magnitude, with the most influential parameter being the aging temperature, followed by the aging time and number of extrusions. Most of the interactions were influential, indicating that the formation of functional groups depends upon their interaction, and not only on their isolated effects.

Com esta pesquisa, objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência de envoltórios em drenos tubulares sob condições de fluxo não-permanente; para tanto, foram utilizados, em tanques de alvenaria, os envoltórios de geotêxteis XT-4, XT-2, bidim OP-30 e bidim OP-20, envelopes de brita no 1, com espessuras de 0,05, 0,10 e 0,15 m, além de um tratamento com ausência de envoltório. As variáveis-resposta utilizadas para se testar os tratamentos consistiram da lâmina drenada num tempo de 30 min, da massa de areia carreada após este tempo de drenagem e do desempenho hidráulico dos drenos, com base no cálculo da resistência de entrada ao fluxo e da relação entre vazão e carga hidráulica a 0,55 m da interface solo-dreno. As lâminas drenadas não diferiram estatisticamente a nível de 5% de probabilidade; no entanto, os geotêxteis bidim OP-20 e XT-4 mostraram-se, nesta ordem, como as melhores opções, face à análise de desempenho e se considerando os aspectos custo e facilidade de instalação. Quanto à análise da variável carreamento de areia, verificou-se a influência da espessura do envoltório ao se analisar os tratamentos com brita, além da opção das mantas, como excelente filtro. Os dados de resistência de entrada demonstraram a importância do uso de envoltórios ao se comparar o tratamento sem envoltório (r ent = 0,0102 d m-1) com o tratamento brita 0,15m (r ent = 0,0032 d m-1) cuja redução foi de 68,7%.

The aim of the research was to evaluate the performance of eight types of envelopes installed around tubular drains in a horizontal tank model, with the treatments bidim OP-20, bidim OP-30, XT-2 and XT-4, 0.15, 0.10 and 0.05 m thick gravel and the treatment drain without a wrapper. The response-variables for the treatments used consisted of the depth of water drained in thirty minutes, the mass of sediment transported by the water during this same time interval and the hydraulic performance of the drains based on the entrance resistance of the flow and relation between the flowrate and the hydraulic head at 0.55 m drain-soil. The depth of water drained did not show significant difference at 5% probability level; however, the geotextile bidim OP-20 and XT-4 showed the best performance taking into account costs and instalation suitability. In relation to the sediment mass transported, the influence of the wrapper thickness using gravel was observed besides the option of geotextile as excelent filter. The importance of using drain wrappers was demonstrated by comparing the entrance resistance data for the treatments without wrapper (r ent = 0.0102 d m-1) and the 0.15 m gravel treatment (r ent = 0.0032 d m-1), allowing a 68.7% reduction.